Political Economy Analysis (PEA) is essential for designing effective development strategies in contexts where change is shaped not just by technical factors, but by deeper political, economic, and institutional realities. At Bodmando Consulting Group, we use PEA to support decision-makers in navigating complexity, uncovering root causes of stagnation or resistance, and designing interventions that are both feasible and transformative especially in areas such as Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and health financing reforms.
Globally, PEA has become a strategic lens through which development actors explore the unseen forces that enable or block transformation. From Latin America to Southeast Asia, institutions like the World Bank and UNDP have used PEA to understand how informal networks, elite bargains, and entrenched power structures affect progress.
Regionally, in countries like Uganda, Nigeria, and Kenya, PEA plays a central role in revealing how historical inequalities, donor dependencies, and patronage systems shape national policies. In Southern Africa, it exposes how post-colonial legacies and social stratification influence reforms in health, education, and governance. In fragile and conflict-affected states across the Horn of Africa, it helps identify entry points for peacebuilding and institutional development. This global and regional intelligence empowers stakeholders to move with greater clarity and realism.
Despite its strengths, PEA is often underutilized or poorly applied. Some analyses remain theoretical and fail to influence programmatic decisions. Others lack follow-through, reducing PEA to a diagnostic rather than a strategic tool. Yet, in the hands of the right facilitators, it unlocks tremendous value.
At its best, PEA bridges the gap between policy and practice by spotlighting barriers such as elite resistance, weak institutional incentives, and fragmented governance. It also reveals hidden opportunities,coalitions for change, local champions, or under-leveraged institutions that can be mobilized to achieve impact.
If you don’t understand the political economy of reform, you won’t be able to make change happen no matter how good your technical solution is.
To leverage the full potential of PEA:
Bodmando offers strategic advisory services that help organizations harness the full power of Political Economy Analysis without getting lost in complexity:
World Bank. (2020). Political Economy Analysis: Why It Matters for Development. https://www.worldbank.org
OECD. (2009). Donor Approaches to Governance Assessments: 2009 Sourcebook.https://www.oecd.org
DFID. (2009). Political Economy Analysis: How To Note. UK Department for International Development.
UNDP. (2012). Institutional and Context Analysis Guidance Note. https://www.undp.org
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