Across the globe, agriculture is increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, prolonged droughts, and extreme weather events. These shifts threaten food production, disrupt value chains, and deepen rural poverty. Smallholder farmers, who produce over 70% of the world’s food, are among the most affected, yet they often have the least access to resources for adaptation and resilience-building.

• Globally, the shift toward climate-smart agriculture has gained traction through frameworks such as the FAO’s Climate-Smart Agriculture approach, the UNFCCC’s Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture, and national climate action plans. However, implementation remains uneven due to financing gaps, weak institutional capacities, and limited farmer-level support.

• In Africa, agriculture is both highly climate-sensitive and a major economic driver, employing over 60% of the population. The region faces challenges such as soil degradation, limited irrigation, and gender inequities in land access. Yet, initiatives like the African Climate-Smart Agriculture Alliance and regional policies under the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) are building momentum for transformation.

• East Africa has seen promising innovations in drought-resistant crops, agroforestry, and weather information services. However, adoption remains constrained by limited extension services and infrastructure gaps. Countries like Uganda, Kenya, and Ethiopia are integrating climate-smart practices into national agricultural plans, but stronger coordination is needed at the community level.

• South Asia faces water stress, soil depletion, and increasing heatwaves, which affect staple crop production. Governments and NGOs are promoting crop diversification, zero-tillage, and water-efficient technologies, especially in countries like India, Bangladesh, and Nepal.

• Latin America is leveraging its rich biodiversity to promote sustainable farming systems such as agroecology and silvopastoralism. Brazil and Colombia have made advances in integrating climate-smart strategies into large-scale farming and deforestation control, but land-use conflicts and social inequalities remain challenges.

Despite regional differences, the urgent need to transform food systems through inclusive, climate-resilient approaches is universal. Bodmando builds on this global momentum by tailoring CSSA interventions to local ecosystems, community realities, and national development priorities.